ARMD is caused by thinning of the macula, an area in the back of the eye that controls how well you see things in the center of your vision and how well you see detail. Risk factors for ARMD include smoking, high blood pressure, obesity and having light-colored eyes. Sun damage, age and heredity can also contribute to deterioration of the macula.
Currently, there is no treatment for ARMD, but eating foods rich in lutein and zeaxanthin is related to a lower risk for ARMD. Lutein and zeaxanthin protect the macula in two ways. They help build up macular pigment, which protects the macula by filtering out damaging rays from the sun. And they act as antioxidants, slowing any macular damage that does occur.